Dapagliflozin is an oral medication prescribed primarily for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It belongs to the class of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which function by inhibiting SGLT2 in the proximal renal tubules of the kidneys. This action reduces the reabsorption of glucose from the urine back into the bloodstream, thereby increasing urinary glucose excretion and lowering blood glucose levels.